Revista complutense de educación

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónLa autoestima es un fundamento indispensable para la estabilidad emocional de la persona, por lo que tanto en el ámbito familiar como en la institución educativa y en las relaciones sociales se debe propiciar en el educando el desarrollo de sentimientos de capacitación y de confianza en sí mismo. Se aporta una acción pedagógica preventiva ante posibles interferencias en la conquista de la autoestima. Continúa con un análisis familiar, escolar y social para establecer un diagnóstico. Se señala, finalmente, la importancia de una reorientación educativa, como acción terapéutica, para conseguir o mejorar la propia estimación, entendiendo que dicha cualidad es absolutamente necesaria para conseguir una armonía existencial.ES

The ‘Narcissus Effect’: Top-down alpha-beta band modulation of face-related brain areas during self-face processing

Self-related information, such as one's own face, is prioritized by our cognitive system. Whilst recent theoretical developments suggest that this is achieved by an interplay between bottom-up and top-down attentional mechanisms, their underlying neural dynamics are still poorly understood. Furthermore, it is still matter of discussion as to whether these attentional mechanisms are truly self-specific or instead driven by face familiarity. To address these questions, we used EEG to record the brain activity of twenty-five healthy participants whilst identifying their own face, a friend's face and a stranger's face. Time-frequency analysis revealed a greater sustained power decrease in the alpha and beta frequency bands for the self-face, which emerged at late latencies and was maintained even when the face was no longer present. Critically, source analysis showed that this activity was generated in key brain regions for self-face recognition, such as the fusiform gyrus. As in the Myth of Narcissus, our results indicate that one's own face might have the potential to hijack attention. We suggest that this effect is specific to the self and driven by a top-down attentional control mechanism, which might facilitate further processing of personally relevant events.This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) , Spain (ID: UAMA13-4E-2192) and the ,Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (ID: PGC2018-100682-B-I00). O. Jensen was further supported by the Wellcome Trust Investigator Award in Science, UK (grant 207550), a James S. McDonnell Foundation US (grants 220020328 and 220020448) and the Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, U

A Grounded MoM-based Spatial Green's Function Technique for the Analysis of Multilayered Circuits in Rectangular Shielded Enclosures

A continuous counterpart of the spatial images technique is proposed for the computation of the multilayered boxed Green's functions and their derivatives. The method employs a set of auxiliary linear distribution of sources to effectively impose the potential boundary conditions along the whole cavity contour. The imposition of these boundary conditions leads to a set of integral equations (IEs), on the unknown distributions of the auxiliary sources, which are solved by applying a method of moments approach. A convergence/efficiency study, related to the test and basis functions choice, is then presented and discussed. The tech- nique is combined with the use of dynamic ground planes generating mirror basis functions, which completely remove any singular instability. Finally, the computed Green's functions are included into a mixed-potential IE formulation for the accurate and very fast analysis of practical multilayered shielded circuits. The proposed technique does not suffer from any convergence issue and it is extremely competitive in terms of accuracy and efficiency as compared to other methods known to the authors.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Ref. TEC2010-21520-C04-0

Effect of low doses of biocides on the susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica to various antibiotics of clinical importance

[EN] The use of subinhibitory concentrations of biocides in food processing environments requires special attention because it is related to potential increases in antibiotic resistance. In this study, we determined the effect of exposure to low doses of four biocides (sodium hypochlorite, SHY; benzalkonium chloride, BZK; peracetic acid, PAA; trisodium phosphate, TSP) on the resistance to 10 antibiotics and on the hydrophobicity of the cellular surface of a strain of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a (LM) and a strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Agona (SA), both of meat origin. The cultures were exposed at 37 °C in Mueller Hinton II cation-adjusted broth with 0.6% yeast extract (with 0.2% of laky horse blood added in the case of LM) to increasing concentrations of the biocides, starting with half the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC/2) and incrementing by 1.5 times the concentration until growth was no longer observed, calculating the MIC of the antibiotics before (control cultures) and after exposure. After exposure to TSP, LM was able to grow in the presence of a concentration of the biocide 2.53 times higher than the MIC of unexposed cultures. No adaptation was observed for SHY, BZK or PAA. SA demonstrated adaptation to BZK (it tolerated a concentration 1.13 times higher than the MIC for the unadapted strain) and PAA (2.53 times). LM cultures presented increased resistance (from susceptibility to reduced susceptibility, from susceptibility to resistance, or from reduced susceptibility to resistance) to erythromycin (strains exposed to BZK, PAA and TSP) and fosfomycin (all compounds). Regarding SA, after exposure its resistance to cefoxitin (all compounds), gentamicin (all compounds), tetracycline (TSP), fosfomycin (SHY, BZK and TSP) and enrofloxacin (BZK, PAA and TSP) increased. The cell surface hydrophobicity (determined through the microbial adhesion to solvents -MATS- test) increased (LM exposed to PAA and TSP; SA exposed to BZK) or decreased (SA exposed to PAA) after contact with the biocides. These findings suggest that the use of biocides at subinhibitory concentrations can contribute to the increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, in addition to modifying the hydrophobicity of the cellular surface, which is related to the capacity of bacteria to form biofilm.S

Estimation by flow cytometry of percentages of survival of Listeria monocytogenes cells treated with tetracycline, with or without prior exposure to several biocides

[EN] In certain circumstances, disinfectants are used at sublethal concentrations. The aim of this research work was to determine whether contact of Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 11994 with subinhibitory concentrations of three disinfectants widely used in food processing environments and in the health-care system, benzalkonium chloride (BZK), sodium hypochlorite (SHY) and peracetic acid (PAA), can cause the adaptation of the strain to the biocides and increase its resistance to tetracycline (TE). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC; ppm) were 2.0 (BZK), 3500.0 (SHY) and 1050.0 (PAA). On exposure to increasing subinhibitory concentrations of the biocides, the maximum concentrations (ppm) of the compounds that allowed the strain to grow were (ppm) 8.5 (BZK), 3935.5 (SHY) and 1125.0 (PAA). Both the control cells (non-exposed) and the cells that had been in contact with low doses of biocides were treated with different concentrations of TE (0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1250 ppm) for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the survival percentages determined using flow cytometry, following dying with SYTO 9 and propidium iodide. The cells previously exposed to PAA presented higher survival percentages (P < 0.05) than the rest of the cells for most of the concentrations of TE and treatment times trialled. These results are worrying because TE is sometimes used to treat listeriosis, highlighting the importance of avoiding the use of disinfectant at subinhibitory doses. Furthermore, the findings suggest that flow cytometry is a fast and simple technique to obtain quantitative data on bacterial resistance to antibiotics.S

Predistorted Ku-band rectangular waveguide input filter

In current Ku-band satellite telecommunication sys- tems usually a working band selection is performed by means of an input filter before the LNA. Moreover, in some architectures more stringent selectivity requirements may be needed in order to reject cross-coupled transmission power signals coming into the reception chain, being necessary an spurious reject filter after the LNA. On the other hand, depending on the near rejection requirements implementing transmission zeros in the filter response maybe needed. However, this also deteriorates in- band response, affecting channels in the extremes of the reception band. In-band response can be improved again by increasing input filter quality factor using predistortion synthesis technique, but at the cost of higher insertion loss and worse reflection response. This work analyses how predistortion technique can be applied to the design of Ku-band rectangular waveguide filters with transmission zeros implemented through cross-couplings in order to improve in-band performances. Moreover, undesired effects arising from applying this technique are also discussed. From authors knowledge, it is the first time this synthesis technique is applied to rectangular waveguide filters with cross- couplings.Agencia Espacial Europe

Retinotopic mapping of visual event-related potentials

Visual stimulation is frequently employed in electroencephalographic (EEG) research. However, despite its widespread use, no studies have thoroughly evaluated how the morphology ofthe visual event-related potentials (ERPs) varies according to the spatial location of stimuli. Hence, the purpose of this study was to perform a detailed retinotopic mapping of visual ERPs. We recorded EEG activity while participants were visually stimulated with 60 pattern-reversing checkerboards placed at different polar angles and eccentricities. Our results show five pattern-reversal ERP components. C1 and C2 components inverted polarity between the upper and lower hemifields. P1 and N1 showed higher amplitudes and shorter latencies to stimuli located in the contralateral lower quadrant. In contrast, P2 amplitude was enhanced and its latency was reduced by stimuli presented in the periphery of the upper hemifield. The retinotopic maps presented here could serve as a guide for selecting optimal visuo-spatial locations in future ERP studiesThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/Economy and Competitiveness (MICINN/MINECO) (PSI2011-26314, PSI2012-34558 and PSI2014-54853-P

Evaluation of an educational mediation programme in primary education: M-Educa = Evaluación de un programa de mediación educativa en Educación Primaria: M-Educa

p. 140-165La preocupación por la conflictividad en nuestros centros educativos ha ido en aumento en los últimos años. Por ello, han surgido iniciativas como la mediación educativa encaminadas a tratar los conflictos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la utilidad del Programa M-Educa en su fase formativa de estudiantes a través de una investigación evaluativa de las medidas pre y post del cuestionario de violencia escolar CUVE3-EP aplicado a 118 alumnos de quinto y sexto de Educación Primaria de un colegio público de la Comunidad de Madrid, y del análisis de los registros de los alumnos mediadores y las entrevistas de los tutores implicados. Las principales conclusiones de este estudio indican que la aplicación del Programa M-Educa ha producido efectos positivos en la convivencia de este centro escolar, siendo especialmente útil en la percepción de la reducción de la violencia general en las clases donde se han realizado mayor número de mediaciones. Concretamente, ha tenido mayor repercusión en la reducción de los niveles de violencia verbal y física, y en la exclusión social.S

Efficient methods for radiation, scattering and propagation. Poster

This document describes the research activities performed in the areas of antennas, scattering and wave propagation by several research groups belonging to different Universities located in Eastern Spain. These groups are working in the practical applications of efficient numerical electromagnetic methods within the frame of several research projects funded by private and public Spanish and European institutions. The main results obtained by these groups related to such topics, i.e. analysis algorithms, CAD tools, validation prototypes, as well as most relevant publications in technical conferences, journals and books, will be thoroughly described in this summary

Use of ground planes within the spatial images technique: Application to the analysis of rectangular multilayered shielded enclosures

The use of ground planes is proposed inside the spatial images technique in order to calculate the multilayered shielded Green's functions for rectangular enclosures. The positions of the ground planes are dynamically located, covering two walls of the cavity, as a function of the source position. Spatial mirror images, related to the ground planes, are used to perfectly impose the boundary conditions along these cavity walls. This completely removes the problems associated to the singular behavior of the source when it is placed close to a wall or a corner, improving numerical stability. In addition, the method leads to a very efficient computation (about 15 times faster than the original approach), due to the reduced number of non-mirror images that must be effectively computed. A multi-band filter in hybrid waveguide-microstrip technology is analyzed with the new method, showing excellent agreement with measured data.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Ref. TEC2007-67630-C03-02. Fundación Séneca, Ref. 08833/PI/08